The Short Second Life of Bree Tanner Chapters 16

â€Å"She has surrendered,† the redhead explained. â€Å"Surrendered?† Jane snapped. I peeked up to see the dark-cloaks exchanging glances. The redhead had said that he'd never seen anyone surrender before. Maybe the dark-cloaks hadn't, either. â€Å"Carlisle gave her the option,† the redhead said. He seemed to be the spokesperson for the yel ow-eyes, though I thought Carlisle might be the leader. â€Å"There are no options for those who break the rules,† Jane said, her voice dead again. My bones felt like ice, but I didn't feel panicked anymore. It al seemed so inevitable now. Carlisle answered Jane in a soft voice. â€Å"That's in your hands. As long as she was wil ing to halt her attack on us, I saw no need to destroy her. She was never taught.† Though his words were neutral, I almost thought he was pleading for me. But, as he had said, my fate was not up to him. â€Å"That is irrelevant,† Jane confirmed. â€Å"As you wish.† Jane was staring at Carlisle with an expression that was half confusion and half frustration. She shook her head, and her face was unreadable again. â€Å"Aro hoped that we would get far enough west to see you, Carlisle,† she said. â€Å"He sends his regards.† â€Å"I would appreciate it if you would convey mine to him,† he answered. Jane smiled. â€Å"Of course.† Then she looked at me again, with the corners of her mouth stil slightly holding the smile. â€Å"It appears that you've done our work for us today†¦ for the most part. Just out of professional curiosity, how many were there? They left quite a wake of destruction in Seattle.† She spoke of jobs and professionals. I was right, then, that it was her profession to punish. And if there were punishers, then there must be rules. Carlisle had said before, We follow their rules, and also, There is no law against creating vampires if you control them. Riley and my creator had been afraid but not exactly surprised by the arrival of the dark-cloaks, these Volturi. They knew about the laws, and they knew they were breaking them. Why hadn't they told us? And there were more Volturi than just these four. Someone named Aro and probably many more. There must have been a lot for everyone to fear them so much. Carlisle answered Jane's question. â€Å"Eighteen, including this one.† There was a barely audible murmur among the four darkcloaks. â€Å"Eighteen?† Jane repeated, a note of surprise in her voice. Our creator had never told Jane how many of us she'd created. Was Jane real y surprised, or just faking it? â€Å"Al brand-new,† Carlisle said. â€Å"They were unskil ed.† Unskil ed and uninformed, thanks to Riley. I was beginning to get a sense of how these older vampires viewed us. Newborn, Jasper had cal ed me. Like a baby. â€Å"Al ?† Jane snapped. â€Å"Then who was their creator?† As if they hadn't already been introduced. This Jane was a bigger liar than Riley, and she was so much better at it than he was. â€Å"Her name was Victoria,† the redhead answered. How did he know that when even I didn't? I remembered that Riley had said there was a mind reader in this group. Was that how they knew everything? Or was that another of Riley's lies? â€Å"Was?† Jane asked. The redhead jerked his head toward the east like he was pointing. I looked up and saw a cloud of thick lilac smoke bil owing from the side of the mountain. Was. I felt a similar kind of pleasure to what I'd felt imagining the big vampire shredding Raoul. Only much, much greater. â€Å"This Victoria,† Jane asked slowly. â€Å"She was in addition to the eighteen here?† â€Å"Yes,† the redhead confirmed. â€Å"She had only one other with her. He was not as young as this one here, but no older than a year.† Riley. My fierce pleasure intensified. If – okay, when – I died today, at least I didn't leave that loose thread. Diego had been avenged. I almost smiled. â€Å"Twenty,† Jane breathed. Either this was more than she had expected, or she was a kil er actress. â€Å"Who dealt with the creator?† â€Å"I did,† the redhead said coldly. Whoever this vampire was, whether he kept a pet human or no, he was a friend of mine. Even if he were the one to kil me in the end, I would stil owe him. Jane turned to stare at me with narrowed eyes. â€Å"You there,† she snarled. â€Å"Your name.† I was dead anyway, according to her. So why give this lying vampire anything she wanted? I just glared at her. Jane smiled at me, the bright, happy smile of an innocent child, and suddenly I was on fire. It was like I'd gone back in time to the worst night of my life. Fire was in every vein of my body, covering every inch of my skin, gnawing through the marrow of every bone. It felt like I was buried in the middle of my coven's funeral bonfire, with the flames on every side. There wasn't a single cel in my body that wasn't blazing with the worst agony imaginable. I could barely hear myself scream over the pain in my ears. â€Å"Your name,† Jane said again, and as she spoke the fire disappeared. Gone like that, as if I'd only been imagining it. â€Å"Bree,† I said as fast as I could, stil gasping though the pain wasn't there anymore. Jane smiled again and the fire was everywhere. How much pain would it take before I would die of it? The screams didn't even feel like they were coming from me anymore. Why wouldn't someone rip my head off? Carlisle was kind enough for that, wasn't he? Or whoever their mind reader was. Couldn't he or she understand and make this stop? â€Å"She'l tel you anything you want to know,† the redhead growled. â€Å"You don't have to do that.† The pain vanished again, like Jane had turned off a light switch. I found myself facedown on the ground, panting as if I needed air. â€Å"Oh, I know,† I heard Jane say cheerful y. â€Å"Bree?† I shuddered when she cal ed my name, but the pain didn't start again. â€Å"Is his story true?† she asked me. â€Å"Were there twenty of you?† The words flew out of my mouth. â€Å"Nineteen or twenty, maybe more, I don't know! Sara and the one whose name I don't know got in a fight on the way†¦.† I waited for the pain to punish me for not having a better answer, but instead Jane spoke again. â€Å"And this Victoria – did she create you?† â€Å"I don't know,† I admitted fearful y. â€Å"Riley never said her name. I didn't see that night†¦ it was so dark, and it hurt!† I flinched. â€Å"He didn't want us to be able to think of her. He said that our thoughts weren't safe.† Jane shot a glance at the redhead, then looked at me again. â€Å"Tel me about Riley,† Jane said. â€Å"Why did he bring you here?† I recited Riley's lies as quickly as I could. â€Å"Riley told us that we had to destroy the strange yel ow-eyes here. He said it would be easy. He said that the city was theirs, and they were coming to get us. He said once they were gone, al the blood would be ours. He gave us her scent.† I pointed in the human's direction. â€Å"He said we would know that we had the right coven, because she would be with them. He said whoever got to her first could have her.† â€Å"It looks like Riley was wrong about the easy part,† Jane said, a hint of teasing in her tone. It seemed like Jane was pleased with my story. In a flash of insight, I understood that she was relieved Riley hadn't told me or the others about her little visit to our creator. Victoria. This was the story she wanted the yel ow-eyes to know – the story that didn't implicate Jane or the dark-cloaked Volturi. Wel, I could play along. Hopeful y the mind reader was already in the know. I couldn't physical y take revenge on this monster, but I could tel the yel ow-eyes everything with my thoughts. I hoped. I nodded, agreeing with Jane's little joke, and sat up because I wanted the mind reader's attention, whoever that was. I continued with the version of the story that any other member of my coven would have been able to give. I pretended I was Kevin. Dumb as a bag of rocks and total y ignorant. â€Å"I don't know what happened.† That part was true. The mess on the battlefield was stil a mystery. I'd never seen any of Kristie's group. Did the secret howler vampires get them? I would keep that secret for the yel ow-eyes. â€Å"We split up, but the others never came. And Riley left us, and he didn't come to help like he promised. And then it was so confusing, and everybody was in pieces.† I flinched at the memory of the torso I'd hurdled. â€Å"I was afraid. I wanted to run away.† I nodded at Carlisle. â€Å"That one said they wouldn't hurt me if I stopped fighting.† This wasn't betraying Carlisle in any way. He'd already told Jane as much. â€Å"Ah, but that wasn't his gift to offer, young one,† Jane said. She sounded like she was enjoying herself. â€Å"Broken rules demand a consequence.† Stil pretending I was Kevin, I just stared at her as if I were too stupid to understand. Jane looked at Carlisle. â€Å"Are you sure you got al of them? The other half that split off?† Carlisle nodded. â€Å"We split up, too.† So it was the howlers that got Kristie. I hoped that, whatever else they were, the howlers were real y, real y terrifying. Kristie deserved that. â€Å"I can't deny that I'm impressed,† Jane said, sounding sincere, and I thought that this was probably the truth. Jane had been hopeful that Victoria's army would do some damage here, and we'd clearly failed. â€Å"Yes,† the three vampires behind Jane al agreed quietly. â€Å"I've never seen a coven escape this magnitude of offensive intact,† Jane continued. â€Å"Do you know what was behind it? It seems like extreme behavior, considering the way you live here. And why was the girl the key?† Her eyes flicked to the human for just a moment. â€Å"Victoria held a grudge against Bel a,† the redhead told her. So the strategy final y made sense. Riley just wanted the girl dead and didn't care how many of us died to get it done. Jane laughed happily. â€Å"This one† – and she smiled at the human the way she'd smiled at me – â€Å"seems to bring out bizarrely strong reactions in our kind.† Nothing happened to the girl. Maybe Jane didn't want to hurt her. Or maybe her horrible talent only worked on vampires. â€Å"Would you please not do that?† the redhead asked in a control ed but furious voice. Jane laughed again. â€Å"Just checking. No harm done, apparently.† I tried to keep my expression Kevin-ish and not betray my interest. So Jane couldn't hurt this girl the way she'd hurt me, and this was not a normal thing for Jane. Though Jane was laughing about it, I could tel it was driving her crazy. Was this why the human girl was tolerated by the yel ow-eyes? But if she was special in some way, why didn't they just change her into a vampire? â€Å"Wel, it appears that there's not much left for us to do,† Jane said, her voice a dead monotone again. â€Å"Odd. We're not used to being rendered unnecessary. It's too bad we missed the fight. It sounds like it would have been entertaining to watch.† â€Å"Yes,† the redhead retorted. â€Å"And you were so close. It's a shame you didn't arrive just a half hour earlier. Perhaps then you could have fulfil ed your purpose here.† I fought a smile. So the redhead was the mind reader, and he'd heard everything I'd wanted him to hear. Jane wasn't getting away with anything. Jane stared back at the mind reader with a blank expression. â€Å"Yes. Quite a pity how things turned out, isn't it?† The mind reader nodded, and I wondered what he was hearing in Jane's head. Jane turned her blank face to me now. There was nothing in her eyes, but I could feel that my time had run out. She'd gotten what she needed from me. She didn't know that I'd also given the mind reader everything I could. And protected his coven's secrets, too. I owed him that. He'd punished Riley and Victoria for me. I glanced at him from the corner of my eye and thought, Thanks. â€Å"Felix?† Jane said lazily. â€Å"Wait,† the mind reader said loudly. He turned to Carlisle and spoke quickly. â€Å"We could explain the rules to the young one. She doesn't seem unwil ing to learn. She didn't know what she was doing.† â€Å"Of course,† Carlisle said eagerly, looking at Jane. â€Å"We would certainly be prepared to take responsibility for Bree.† Jane's face looked like she wasn't sure if they were joking, but if they were joking, they were funnier than she'd given them credit for. Me, I was touched to the core. These vampires were strangers, but they'd gone out on this dangerous limb for me. I already knew it wasn't going to work, but stil . â€Å"We don't make exceptions,† Jane told them, amused. â€Å"And we don't give second chances. It's bad for our reputation.† It was like she was discussing someone else. I didn't care that she was talking about kil ing me. I knew the yel ow-eyes couldn't stop her. She was the vampire police. But even though the vampire cops were dirty – real y dirty – at least the yel ow-eyes knew it now. â€Å"Which reminds me†¦,† Jane went on, her eyes locking on the human girl again and her smile widening. â€Å"Caius wil be so interested to hear that you're stil human, Bel a. Perhaps he'l decide to visit.† Still human. So they were going to change the girl. I wondered what they were waiting for. â€Å"The date is set,† said the little vampire with the short black hair and the clear voice. â€Å"Perhaps we'l come to visit you in a few months.† Jane's smile disappeared like someone had wiped it off. She shrugged without looking at the black-haired vampire, and I got the feeling that as much as she might have hated the human girl, she hated this smal vampire ten times as much. Jane turned back to Carlisle with the same vacant expression as before. â€Å"It was nice to meet you, Carlisle – I'd thought Aro was exaggerating. Wel, until we meet again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This would be it, then. I stil didn't feel afraid. My only regret was that I couldn't tel Fred more about al of this. He was going almost total y blind into this world ful of dangerous politics and dirty cops and secret covens. But Fred was smart and careful and talented. What could they do to him if they couldn't even see him? Maybe the yel ow-eyes would meet Fred someday. Be nice to him, please, I thought at the mind reader. â€Å"Take care of that, Felix,† Jane said indifferently, nodding at me. â€Å"I want to go home.† â€Å"Don't watch,† the redheaded mind reader whispered. I closed my eyes.

Miss Julie/a Dolls House

2) Miss Julie/ A Dolls house DFK 120 Erene Oberholzer 11045231 Dr. M. Taub 4 September 2012 In this essay two plays, Miss Julie written by August Strindberg, and A Dolls House written by Hendrik Ibsen will be compared and concerns such as gender, identity and class will be contextualized. The section I’ve chosen to portray realism and other elements concerning these two plays resourced to the last pages of both scripts. As I see the last pages construct the difference between the plays and characters. Both these plays inform a strand of realism, as in the Traditional Western canon.Third world text can be characterized by their degree of immediacy, topicality, mimetic quality, and even social realism (Gugelburger, G. M:1991). Realism: The term Realism introduces a strand of thought and considers the world as not reality but, mere appearance. We have no access to â€Å"reality† other than through representations. Yet, all representations only show us particular perspectiv es on reality. When people use the term â€Å"realistic† to describe a film they are saying the film shows them an image of reality that they have come to know.Realism is a constructive construct, produced by reconcilable codes and conventions which change over time. Realism has been constructed to point out existing social reality. Naturalism, on the other hand, conveys a representation that looks sounds and feels like the actual world outside the work of art. Naturalism looks sounds and feels like the things we would expect (Bob Nowlan [sn]: [sp]). Where Ibsen trends more to the line of realism, Strindberg informs naturalism in his writings. For Strindberg ‘good’ naturalism looked for natural conflicts. For him true naturalism meant truth to nature.He was determined to have his plays deal with fundamental truths. Miss Julie contains traces of symbolism, which were born out of the foundation of naturalism. Although many believe that due to the use of symbolic af fects in Miss Julie, the play drifts away from the naturalistic, and more to the realistic. Strindberg used all the elements needed for the development of the plot and the transference of superiority from Julie to Jean. Naturalism does not help for the development of the plot, whereas realism is a structure that reveals real life events and is focused on the people portrayed, as shown in Miss Julie.Strindberg wanted to create dramatic illusion. His audience was to be completely convinced of the reality of the world off stage, and then transported into a sphere of influence. Ibsen’s contribution to realism began when he consciously started to dramatize the forces and frictions of modern life. Ibsen indicates in A Dolls House that he was creating a particular life through Nora. Ibsen’s dialogue of A Dolls House comes of naturally; he wanted the spectator to sit down, listen and look at events that happens in real life.Ibsen wrote mainly about hidden relationships, social conversion and secret fears and anxieties Strindberg’s play was actually written as a response to Ibsen’s A Doll house. Ibsen wrote his plays advocating women, and Strindberg had a contrary view. Hendrik Ibsen’s attitude toward society is evident in his double vision of a secure social position. On the one hand, it’s a defense against attack, on the other; such concerns lead to hypocrisies and superficial values. His play reveals him as far more than a realist (Taylor, J. 972: [sp]). Comparing: My examples of both plays illustrate the elements of gender, identity and class. Both playwrights scripts set the last page out to set everything about the differences of these elements. By the ending we can see the fall (Strindberg) and rising of the woman (Ibsen) in social society that time. Gender, class&identity in A Dolls House: Hendrik Ibsen was known as the father of modern drama as he helped popularize realism. He became an observer of the real human life and informed realism in drama.In 1877 Norway’s social structure influenced Ibsen’s writings. He wanted to extol freedom and truth in his people. A Dolls House questions the suppressed role of women in that time’s society and also introduced the woman as having their own goals and own purposes. Torvald reveals many times his prejudice viewpoint on gender roles. He believes his wives duty is to be at home and embarks on her to always appear beautiful. The central conflict in this playwright revolves around Trovald’s controlling treatment of his wife.The tragedy of this story is not only about a man controlling his wife, but also the â€Å"dehumanizing of the children† (Mahal 2012;476). They are never given a chance to improving their position in the society. Nora, in the beginning of the play, seems to be happy and content whereas she acts out child like qualities. When Torvald walks in Nora’s childlike qualities becomes more transparent. His true character is later revealed when he accuses Nora of forgery and when he tries to disown her. His attitude changes when everything is sorted out, but she walks out of the marriage.Nora is depicted until the end of the play as a â€Å"helpless, mindless fool† (Mahal 2012: 476). In the end of this story this degrading treatment of Nora by her husband is resolved. This play stresses upon the status of women and how their roles were perceived, as mothers and wives. Nora feels like she’s been used as doll for her father and her husband, with no depth in their relationships. Nora exits her ‘doll’s house’ with a door slam, emphatically resolving the play with an act of bold self-assertion. A Doll’s house appears to mislead the audience of the characters true colors.Our first impression of Nora is that she is childlike and Torvald is seen as strong. The play’s climax leads to the expose of resolving identity confusion. Nora becomes to be a brave woman and Torvald a sad man. Gender, class&identity in Miss Julie: Strindberg was a Swedish playwright and drew his writings from personal experiences. He failed at three marriages. Circumstances made him a naturalistic writer. He was known as a misogynist and a â€Å"women hater†. In Miss Julie (1879) he expresses his hatred for the opposite sex.He was forced to write a second ending for the play after much controversy. The play was censored all over Europe as the play was socially offensive to women. The daughter of a count has an affair with a valet, who in turn forces her to commit suicide. Strindberg had an eye for injustice, but only dealt with the problem of women’s rights as a facet of realism in his plays. Julie suffers an identity crisis and displays her regard for class and gender conventions. She mingles with the servant when a party is thrown.She expresses absurd behavior but on other times she is coy. Jean warns her of her behavior as she was seen as a temptress. She wavers between the high and low class identity, and is in the end confused with her own identity. Julie also identifies herself with both female and male figures. She confesses she has no self she can call her own. The characters in Miss Julie are portrayed through gender, class and ideology. In the end she orders Jean to hypnotize her to commit suicide. The play reveals Julie having no control over her sexual instincts.Once Julie and Jean seduced each other, their lives are changed (Ramandeep Mahal 2012: [sp]) mentions that â€Å"the aristocrat in the social sphere becomes the slave of the valet and the valet becomes the aristocrat in the sexual sphere as Julie lowers herself beyond redemption†. Julie is seen as an example of the naturalistic movement. â€Å"The characters are seen as helpless products of hereditary and environment who interact with their minds and bodies, as they would in real life† (Mahal 2012: [sp]). Both playwrights by Ibsen an d Strindberg came of shocking the audience of their time, with the way they portrayed their women characters.They’re portrayal of sex and divorce was set off to much controversy (Mahal 2012:475). A Dolls House is considered to be more feminist work, where Strindberg has been seen as â€Å"his arch enemy† on that point. Ibsen has been seen to deny writing in a feminist point of view; he has said many times that he wrote for the â€Å"everyday man†. Strindberg tended to emancipate woman. For example when Julie grows conscious about her humiliation she falls to Jean’s knees. Jean triumphantly stands over her. This also symbolizes the hierarchy of the 1800’s.These ideas govern the central world of the everyday in the aspect that they inform social hierarchies and show out elements of real happenings people experience everyday. Women were demanded by men, and men were befallen to the beauty of women. In that time of social structure woman belonged in th e kitchen (As Strindberg’s points out in Miss Julie) and they were there to raise the kids and beautify their homes. That was the real world. Some of these conventions still stand today in aspect of class and gender. Resources: Ibsen, H. A. A Dolls House. Gugelburger, G.M. 1991. â€Å"Germainistik†, the Canon, and Third world literature. Mahal, R. 2012. A comparative study of Portrayal of women in Ibsen’s A Dolls House and Strindberg’s Miss Julie. Available. [o]. Accessed 2 September 2012 www. rspublication,com Lukas, Nowlan, B. An introduction to the problematics of Realism in video, film, and moving image- culture. Available. [o]. Accessed 2 September 2012 www. uwec. edu/ranowlan/realism film_video_moving-imag_culture. html. Taylor, J. C. 1972. Ritual, realism, and revolt: Major traditions in the drama. New York: Schribner.

Ang Tundo Man May Langit Din

Beyond what feels good, back to what is good In a relationship doing foolishness is all part of the game that everyone plays. I have known many teenagers at my age even younger than me thinks that having a relationship or so called boyfriend/girlfriend makes them proud for themselves. Not knowing you violated God’s order because of your thinking, your values and you desire to others. Even we grew up in a Christian way may still not be enough to be good as what God wants you to be. You still need a lot of learnings but it is important to start changes to your lifestyle and attitude toward others. We should forget old way of living. We should not live for ourselves, we should live for God and for the good of others. You should treat a person what is in his or her best interest. To care for others when there’s nothing to expect in return. To show love to a person with purity and holiness because it pleases God and it is important that our love for others be shaped by God’s love for us . Do not love a person as you wanted instead of what God’s wanted. You will find true peace and joy if you change your attitude towards the goodness and you will find that God has something better in store for you. Asking for forgiveness is the best thing you can do because God is so forgiving. As what God’s amazing love for us at the cross, our sins have been forgiven. Remember these†¦ At the end of out lives, we would not answer to everyone†¦ We’ll answer to GOD. Chapter 2: The Joy of Intimacy is the Reward of Commitment Joshua Harris stated that the fundamental problem with relationships today is that we’ve disconnected romance and Commitment. It’s true that sometimes we’re starting what we can’t finish, we’re pursuing romance while not ready for commitment. Some people specially teenagers are dating because they want to enjoy the company of others. But in most cases they want to experience the emotional and physical benefits of intimacy without the responsibility of real commitment. We wished for the pleasure of love without obligations, without sacrifice, without vows. Yes, I know it happened most of the time because we give importance for the satisfaction that we will get, the happiness we will feel. The Bible teaches about true love – Instead of being selfless, you become selfish; instead of being patient, you become impatient instead of looking out for the good of the person, it’s focused on the needs of the moment. As they say in the Golden Rule in romance – it’s deciding to do what‘s best for others by never asking for intimacy that you’re not able to match with commitment. Do not go in a relationship if you are not sure that you are ready to face everything and give your full commitment not only to him/her but especially to God. Everything has a proper time†¦ in God’s time. But for now while you are not ready to have an intimate relationship seriously you can build a commitment thru friendship as brothers and sisters in Christ. They say that the best relationships are between two people who care more about each others good than their own pleasure. Remember these†¦ You have to be careful on what you wish for sometimes it comes with a price and at the end of the day you are still hungry for something real, something true. True joy is found in God’s brand of love – love founded on faithfulness, love rooted in Commitment. Chapter 3: Recognizing Dating’s Negative Tendencies Good intentions sometimes aren’t enough to build a friendship specially by means of dating. Dating has the tendency to move a guy or girl beyond friendship and toward romance too quickly because you’re both out of control. Dating is not necessarily wrong – it’s our own wrong attitudes and values. Many dating relationships mistake physical attraction and sexual intimacy for true love. God demands purity and holiness for everyone. What happened to our life today, we’ll carry the memories of our past and have a big part to our future. God doesn’t want us to live in guilt and regret in life. Yes, we cannot live in the future but there’s a lot of things you need you need to do for tomorrows responsibilities. God gives us the abilities and skills to do better but sometimes instead of serving God, instead of educating themselves to be a better person and to equip themselves to succeed in life, many allow themselves to be consumed by the present need that dating emphasizes. God gives us singleness to give a chance and opportunities for growth, learning and service instead of finding and keeping boyfriends and girlfriends. Dating encourages people of wrong use of freedom. But we don’t find the real beauty of life in getting romance with as many as different people as we want. We find the real beauty in using our freedom to serve God with all our heart. Remember these†¦ Just because both people like each other doesn’t mean hearts have joined. And just because both person has intimate relationship doesn’t mean two people are right for each other. A physical relationship doesn’t equal the true meaning of love. Set your values and start to live life doing the right thing.

Film language elements of a movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Film language elements of a movie - Essay Example On the contrary, Tom gets tired of Mamie and starts dating with the flamboyant Gwen. Tom surprises his mother by his wealth. His mother and straight forward brother, Mike, disapprove of his career choices. The battle of moral between the brothers culminates in a dinner table (Greatest Films, n.d.). Because Nathan, Tom, and Matt pursued lives full of crimes, they ended up dying out of crime. The mise-en-scene has been planned well. Tom brings a keg to celebrate Mike’s return from war. The beer displays Tom’s lifestyle. At dinner, Tom takes the head seat of the table, in his mother’s opposite direction. The mother has to hoist her neck in order to see her son beyond the keg. Cinematography has influenced the believability of the film. In the grapevine scene, Tom shocks his girlfriend by slapping her with the grapes. The development of the movie, including the episode where Tom places a keg of beer on the table and Mike getting infuriated by Tom’s display of illegally acquired wealth as he denounces him helps bring a clear picture of the cinema. Matt gets shot and dies in front of Tom in stakeout. Tom avenges his friend’s death by going to the opponents’ gang headquarters and opens fire. He overpowers them; however, he sustains injuries from gunshots and gets hospitalized. His mother jubilates upon hearing that her son has reformed and would join them. Later, Mike answers a door knock only to find Tom, murdered and buttressed up in the doorway (Bould 41). Other scenes include Tom and Matt appearing in expensive tailor made clothes and dancing with beautiful women after acquiring a lot of wealth through illegal business. Several outbu rsts of violence receive good production attention. They include the shooting of Putty Nose and the scene where Matt and Tom shoot the horse that fell killing Nathan, their crime boss. Sound has been used to bring various effects in the film. Both the human sounds, gunshots and music played in the film

Cosmopolitanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Cosmopolitanism - Essay Example While in Europe he integrated with Romany people that his English contemporaries. His integration with the people enabled him to acquire Gypsy wandering culture. For instance while he was in Marseilles, France he learned Modern Greek, French, Italian, and Neapolitan dialect. Those languages came handy when the family traversed Europe especially France and Italy before settling in Britain. He learned an intermediate language between French and Spanish called BÃ ©arnaise in addition to classical Greek and Latin. I think Burton was an exemplary linguistic and a great European swordsperson that saw him expelled at Britain’s Oxford college since he had contravened one of its by-laws against mixing with other races. He challenged a fellow Oxford college student that had heard of his prowess with the Saber that ridiculed his walrus moustache. Burton later traveled to Asia to work for the East India Company in Sindth, India. He learned Gujarati, Marathi, Persian, and Afghan. He deepened his Arabic and Persian languages that he had started learning while in England. He traveled to the Arabian Peninsula in 1853 and admitted to Mecca and Medina as a pilgrim while he posed as a Pathan from India’s Northwest Frontier Province. Later on in 1858, he traveled to Africa together with his colleague John Hanning Speke. Historically, they were the first Europeans to see Lake Tanganyika. . Other places he visited in Africa included Somalia, Sierra Leone, Ghana, Lagos, and Cape Coast.

Contrast between Japanese Ninja Anime and American Ninja Cartoon Essay

Contrast between Japanese Ninja Anime and American Ninja Cartoon - Essay Example This is because if the movies lacked the bad people, then it would not have achieved the current audience level. The main difference between the two films is the level of engagement between characters. For instance in Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow, the characters maintain a fair relationship without getting into extreme action. In the first scenes, Naruto and his accomplices are assigned the role of protecting an actor during a filming procession. At first, the characters have a fair relationship and there is not much to report in terms of action and conflicts. Real action begins soon after the characters reach the land of snow where they were attracted by bad guys. Unlike TMNT, the Naruto the Movie: Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow has proactive action (Wiater 98). In this approach, the main characters only attract after they have been attacked. On the other hand, TMNT characters display active action. Through this approach, the characters go out in search of bad guys. The film is set in a crime-ravaged New York City where the ninja turtles are out to fight crime. Unlike the previous movie, the ninja turtles go out in search of criminals and engage them. The movie is more action packed than Ninja Clash in the Land of Snow. The action scenes in the film are fun to watch and they have a comic approach. Indeed, the action in the movie lacks a definite story of a purposeful theme (Rahimi 34). The turtles are involved in street fights to secure the place in the city and to curb lawlessness. However, the titles attack crime suspects even before confirming their involvement in crime. The films have striking artistic features. At the beginning, both movies have stunning colors. Unfortunately, things begin to... The two movies are related yet very different in terms of presentation and use of cinematography techniques. Moreover, the films have different ways of creating and presentation of characters. Nevertheless, the movies have a similar audience and their plot developments are almost similar. The two films use different approaches character creation. Although both films use hypothetical characters, there was a tendency to create a sense of reality among the directors. The American Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle uses cartoons while Japanese Anime Ninja uses amines to develop its characters. Unlike cartoons, amines have distinct facial expressions that can be used to create a wide variety of physical characteristics. Thus, amines are closer to reality than cartoon (Eastman 123). On the other hand, cartoons have features that are far from being real (Wiater 98). Moreover, cartoons do not have proportional physical appearances. Amines can be used to tell real human stories while cartoons are us ed specifically for comic purposes. The attributes of cartoons and amine as described above create distinctive element between the two films. Moreover, the different approach to character development audience and plot. Indeed, plot and theme development in both movies was determined by the differences in character developments and creation. The movies have significant levels of similarity despite having different set up, themes and character selection. Both films tell ninja stories and elimination of crime and bad guys. The films also have disparities in their selection of colors and background structures. This makes them to attract different audiences and following.

Performing Purchasing Agent Duties Research Paper

Performing Purchasing Agent Duties - Research Paper Example lso essential to know if the client has offered the same order to any other purchasing agent, as in such case, the chances of conflicts concerning the need of the client and the purpose of the contract might arise. As the order is of considerably huge value and quantity, it is also important to know if the delivery made in proportion shall be convenient for the client, which shall also minimize risks of damages, warehousing costs or chances of deadline failure. Insuring the property will also be an issue of concern in this contract. This request for proposal is intended to obtain your quotation in respect to our need for computer equipments and software. With this offer, the company shall put substantial significance to quality standards at the industry level with attractive benefits, looking for long-term association with the successful bidder(s). As the time of delivery is limited, the company, through this request for proposal, intends to obtain quotations from bidders with a capacity of serving at least 100 units within a notice of a month. Waters, Inc., an established customer service fulfillment business, has been dealing with clients who outsource to the Indian markets. Recently, Waters Inc. has signed a contract with a major client with an order of 250 computer equipments and software. The contract will take effect within nine months. Hence, Waters Inc. would like to procure the entire order within due time so that the quality of the products delivered can be tested and the supply procedure can be smoothened. The desired bidders must have relevant experience in producing and arranging different computer equipment parts. In lieu of the offer, Waters Inc. would also like to request for information on warranty and price quoted for the products. The products however should be authentic and any forgery to the same shall lead to the cancellation of the proposal. Correspondingly, a detailed description of the order has been presented as below. Waters Inc. will

World Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

World Religion - Essay Example Even the smallest of objects and ideas in a practice holds some sort of symbol for that practice. Colors, scents, figures, even deities, have a significance to the need of that individual during that time. Religions were defined as being "a system of symbols [...] (Geertz)." To make the practices more realistic - and in some New Age paths, more efficient and beneficial - symbolism is used. Paganism is a New Age belief system that has a rather huge emphasis on the use of magic in their practices. Their very act of communing with Nature and divinity is considered magic; unfortunately, it is their type of magic that has given them a bad name within organized religions. The magic of pagans involves making use of symbols, chanting, reciting, or singing their aspirations, and building up energy to release into the universe in hopes of achieving what they hope to. In a religion such as Catholicism, the magic can be seen in their prayers and their taking of communion. In a sense, in regards to a Catholic praying, it is the same as a pagan performing a ritual - specific words and symbols are used to achieve one thing, and all of that is released to the divine to allow it to manifest and become something. When taking communion, the practitioner is drawing themselves closer to the divine, as the wine and wafers of the communion symbolize the divine itself. That is the similarity between the two religions - turning thoughts and hopes into something, regardless of what it is called, magic or prayer. Symbolism is an important part of both of them, as it helps to focus the intentions of the individual. No matter what each religion decides to call it, many of the acts can be seen as magic, as they are playing with a force that is outside their full understanding, hoping to get close to the divine and change their lives

Literature Review Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature Review - Research Paper Example According to Goodall, Vorhaus and Carpentieri (2011), parents are responsible of participating in early childhood education. Even after a child begins attending school, it is vital to note that, they spend only 15 percent of their time in school. Though the school and its environment are vital factors in the academic development of children, different studies support the idea that parents have a crucial role in influencing academic achievement (Emerson, Fear, Josh, Stacey & Sanders 2012) The North Carolina State University (2010) found that parental involvement entails activities such as attending school meetings, checking on the progress and completion of homework, attending school events and discussing academic activities with their children at home (Goodall et al, 2011). Sciarra (2004) suggests that parents should create opportunities and appropriate environments for the academic achievement of their children (Sciarra 49). Parents need to remove disruptions such as noise, excessiv e films and television and the invitation of friends during home studying hours. The home and learning environment need to be favorable for the learning of the child. The learning environment coupled with parental involvement boost the learning process of children. ... s found that parental involvement had positive effects on the academic outcome of a child, while some researchers found that parental involvement had negative effects to the educational outcomes of a child (Sciarra 72). Studies that found negative impacts of parental engagement implied that parental engagement diminished the academic achievement of a child. These inconsistencies can be explained on different grounds. It is vital to note that different researchers have different definitions of the term parental engagement. Some of the researchers considered parental engagement as good parenting while other researchers considered parental engagement as the formation of favorable relationships between parents and teachers (Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003). Early studies showed positive links between parental engagement in the academic activities of their children and their children’s academic progress. Taken collectively, it is possible to establish that parental involvement throug h the creation of interests in the academic affairs of a child has positive effects on the child’s academic achievement and behavior. A different study published by the Review of Economics and Statistics found that parent efforts in activities such as meeting with teachers and reading stories aloud to their children immensely impact on the educational achievement of children (Hiatt-Michael, 2005). This means that parental involvement has a bigger impact on academic achievement than the effort expended by teachers (Desforges and Abouchaar, 2003). The study also stated that schools would have to increase their budget by $1,000 in case parents take a backseat in the academic activities of their children. This means that the impact of parent involvement in the academic activities of their children

The ethics of whistle-Blowing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The ethics of whistle-Blowing - Essay Example These are people within the organization that see violations in business policies and report them to the relevant authorities. Many things are brought about by this behavior, ranging from honest business practices to mistrust among co-workers. There are certain considerations that have to be made when reporting malpractices in the business. Whistleblowing affects the way the business relates to its environment, and the way co-workers relate with each other. Whistleblowing is the act of reporting a malpractice, wrongdoing or risk to the police, employer, customer, or a regulator (Davis, 2006). There are many instances, such as these found in an article about ethics by Verschoor (2013). An example of a case found in the article is one where an employee reported his employer for malpractices. In New York, Mohanbhai Ramchandani reported his employer and celebrity tailor Ramchandani for not reporting all of his profits in sales and taxes. According to Verschoor (2013), the employee was paid $1.1 million dollars for whistleblowing. Based on the analysis of this case, whistleblowing was the correct decision. This is because no one else can identify fraud apart from the people in the organization (Bouville, 2007). There could be acts involving corruption affecting, honest business practices that go against the law. Therefore, it is necessary for people to monitor business practices and report unhealthy business forms. The act of whistleblowing is an act involving business ethics that has its benefits and demerits (Davis, 2006). A benefit of whistleblowing is that it protects investors of businesses from people that look to mismanage money for their own benefits. Unsuspecting customers also benefit from people who report malpractices in business. For example, a whistleblower protects patients from a doctor who overcharges for services and uses questionable means in administering

Liberalism by Immanuel Wallerstein Essay Example for Free

Liberalism by Immanuel Wallerstein Essay This article tries to analyze the works of Immanuel Wallerstein (after liberalism) mainly on his views of what liberalism is especially in this era of globalization. After liberalism published in 1995 and it is a collection of essays, which all look at the issue of international capitalism either from a country’s perspective all from the perspectives of earlier influential writers within this context like V I Lenin. The book gives a good overview of the nature of liberalism especially in the context of international capitalism. In his analysis, Wallerstein argues that the emergence of theories like liberalism in modern times was all because of new beliefs within the political arena as well because of people’s moral sovereignty. Among the theories, Wallerstein claimed that in a modernizing world there were people who saw the changes as immoral. These people pursued Consevativism. Because of the rise of conservatism, the liberalist theory arose to defend the modernizing processes of new technologies new ways of integration as being non-expedient processes for a better global society. After the rise of liberalism and its application, a new theory emerged (socialism). Unlike the conservatisms, socialists did agree with the liberalists that the issue of modernization or progress was both desirable and inevitable. However, unlike the liberalists socialists were strongly suspicious of the top-down system of reforms advocated by liberalists. Liberalism: This broad field encompasses many different ideas and theories concerning the roles of governments. Liberalism generally advocates for individual liberty, mixed market systems, liberal democratic governments (transparent) as well as the application of the rule of law. International capitalism: international capitalism is the system of processes that allow for the growth of globalization. It is the practice of capitalism on a global perspective. Thus, it involves the international ownership of modes of production by individuals and the unrestricted transfer of international funds and investment projects globally. In his argument, Wallerstein claims that the classification of third world countries is uncalled for. This is because as he says the so called third world has been intertwined in the structure of international capitalism in such a way that there are even subsidiaries of multinational firms based in the third world countries that contribute money to the parent company countries that is in excess of what the parent companies pay. After liberalism is quite clear on the issue of national development. Wallerstein goes ahead in Borrowing ideas from such authorities as Adam smith (the wealth of nations), as well as ideas from people like Vladimir Lenin and Paul Kruger. Wallerstein concludes that even with the advent of international capitalism and globalization, the issue of national sovereignty and national development is very crucial in ensuring that the vices of capitalism are always kept to a level minimum. CONCLUSION: After liberalism is an authoritative collection of essays that tries to expose the nature and processes associated with international capitalism and globalization. However, the book fails to explain issues of under development especially in the third world more clearly. In addition, the process of colonization and its impacts on both the colonizing states as well as the colonized should have been analyzed. This is because issues of international capitalism affect all nations alike and thus the root causes of under development in some of the countries would have to be addressed. REFERENCE: Wallerstein Immanuel (1995), after liberalism, new press, New York.

Empirical Formula of a Hydrate-CE Essay Example for Free

Empirical Formula of a Hydrate-CE Essay Conclusion and Evaluation: Aspect 1 Based on the interpreted data of group A, the empirical formula of aluminum chloride did not stay the same. The expected empirical formula was. In group A the empirical formulas are as followed Group Name Empirical formula Laurie Jordan Rica, Victoria Stephanie Vince Josh Jane Kaityln So, as a group, we all had a different outcome of the empirical formula but the percent composition of water is the same for all. 11.2% for hydrogen and 88. 8% for oxygen as shown in table #7.3. A random error would be the measurement of the hydrate crystal. A scoopula was used to measure 3g. Also another one would be the electronic balance having an uncertainty of à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001g. A systematic error would be heating the evaporating dish through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle. You notice that the theoretical yield and experimental yield values are shown in a pie graph. Both of the pie graphs are the exact same as both percentages are 11.2% and 88.8%. In these pie graphs, neither trends nor patterns apply. Aspect 2 The procedural weaknesses are stated above. For example the measurement of the hydrate crystal wouldve affected the lab. There wasnt an accurate measurement so that couldve affected the weight of the final product or the reaction of the product. Another weakness was that the evaporating dish was being heated through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle. The wire mesh had a white coating on it, so therefore the evaporating dish was being heated indirectly and the wire mesh would absorb the heat itself. This would affect the heating process of the evaporating dish and the substance inside of it. There were a few assumptions made in this particular lab. They are as followed Assumption Possible effect on the result All of the moisture was removed from the evaporating dish If all the moisture wasnt removed, then an accurate and precise reaction isnt obtained. The aluminum chloride was pure If impure aluminum chloride was used then other products could have formed The only substance reacting with the aluminum chloride was itself as a hydrate form This could have had other reactions which therefore will affect the products formed. All of the aluminum chloride hydrate evaporated Could possibly effect the measurement of the weight 3g of aluminum chloride was added to the evaporating dish Obviously if there were less or more than 3g added, it will affect the outcome result The quality of the data was fair. The precision and accuracy of the aluminum was absent since it was measured by a scoopula and estimation. Although, the same balance was used to weigh all the masses, therefore the accuracy of those measurements were present with the exception of the uncertaintyà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½0.001g. Aspect 3 If this lab were to be redone, I think that everything should stay the same besides 2 factors which are the use of wire mesh and the measurement of the hydrate crystal. If we were to use a clay triangle instead of the wire mesh, the evaporating dish would have been directly heated instead of being indirectly heated. This would remove the systematic error. A better precision and accuracy would be obtained if we actually used a measuring device. For example, a measuring spoon wouldve been more accurate than the scoopula. Using the same balance for all masses would obtain greater control of variables and reduce the random error.

Strategic analysis of Nokia Corp

Strategic analysis of Nokia Corp 1.0 Executive Summary The following is the strategic analysis of Nokia Corp., which discusses the external and internal environment. The first part, external environment, presents the opportunities and threats along with the political, economic, sociocultural, and technological issues of the handset industry. It provides Porters five forces framework for the discussion of the attractiveness of the industry. The second part of the report analyzes the main strengths behind Nokias success and leading position as a handsets manufacturer. We proceed with the analysis of Nokias weaknesses which may impede on its ability to utilize the growth opportunities. We also make recommendations regarding Nokias strategy for US market, converged handsets market, and acquisitions. Owing to the complex and self-motivated environment, Nokia faces numerous strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This report is to look for the best possible strategy of Nokia. Initially, the key strategic issues Nokia is facing today is acknowledged to be economy, technology, leading brand, scale, and number one market position based on the strategy analysis in Task A. Secondly, the imposing strategy that Nokia should take on is analyzed to be exhaustive growth strategy, and in particulars, the strategy options of Nokia today is illustrated to be cost leadership, differentiation, and focus strategy. Among which Nokia should select a combination of the cost leadership and differentiation strategy according to its brawny assets, low fixed cost, and elevated research aptitude. The paper also discusses the relationship between Nokia management style, climate and its organizational structure. Strategy can be defined as â€Å"the basic characteristics of the match an organization achieves with its environment.†[1] Owing to the complex and go-ahead environment, Nokia faces several strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. This article is to seek the optimal strategy of Nokia. The investigation is affirmed in the following ways. Firstly, the key strategic issues of Nokia are acknowledged based on the strategy analysis in Task A. Secondly, the strategy options of Nokia are analyzed by the competitive generic strategies theory which has been promoted by Porter. Thirdly, after the illustration of the competitive generic strategies, the optimal strategies will be proposed. 2.0 Section 1 Company Background Nokia was established in Finland in 1865. Owing to its digital insurgency starting from 1992 by introducing its first GSM model as well as the new formulation of the key essentials of its strategy by sending-off the old businesses and progressively more focus on telecommunications in 1994, it helps Nokia generate the basis for a triumphant conquer of the world telecommunication market. Till now, Nokia is by now the world leader in mobile communications, driving the growth of the broader mobility industry. Fulfilling an elementary human necessitates for social connections and contact by connecting people is the mission of Nokia. Currently, Nokia comprises four business groups that are mobile phones, multimedia, enterprise solutions and networks. Being the forge of the mobile communication market in the world enjoying about 30% share of the worlds mobile phone market, Nokia is abiding to discover innovative investment opportunity. Teaming up with the Sanyo Electric Corp. Which ranked the 10th world while to shape a shared endeavor, Nokia will carry on to be outrival and advance in the world telecommunication market. 3.0 Assessment of Strategies 3.1 Business Level Nokias trade level strategy is based on a cost leadership. Nokia has an outsized product portfolio which would gratify consumers all over the world. It strives to keep low costs for its products throughout firm costs management and economies of scale. Nokia utilizes strategic suppliers all over the globe to attain extremely modified subassembly apparatus which are used to generate its elevated tech savvy devices. 3.1.1 Tactics Market location: Nokia counts profoundly on its sales in key market regions. More than half of sales arrive from operations in Europe. Another vital market for Nokia is China, and, finally, Asia-Pacific region. 3.1.2 Defensive In order to go with iPhone and BlackBerry smartphones and protect its share in the converged handsets market, Nokia introduced 5800 touchscreen. As a consequence, after the first quarter of 2009, Nokias market shares in smartphones augmented by 3%. 3.1.3 Corporate level On the corporate echelon Nokia is cultivating a growth strategy. Its growth is obsessed principally by acquisitions and concentrated RD. During the past few years Nokia has been vigorously obtaining companies with new technologies and competencies, including besides investments in alternative positions. All of these acquisitions and investments were embattled to improve Nokias ability to assist form the Mobile World. 4.0 Section 2: Eliciting and Evaluating Strategy All companies have their way of identifying and commerce with these, their mainly decisive strategic question. Though, this process of managing emerging strategic issues is typically non-structured, not essentially optimally appropriate to facilitate the efficient identification of the most significant questions and the suitable allocation of top management attention and corporate aptitude support to answer the recognize strategic questions. In spite of the post research during 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s into the domain of strategic issues (SI), strategic issues management (SIM), and strategic issue management systems (SIMS) there is an insufficiency pertinent approaches for firms to use in improving their awareness focus and distribution in strategic issue management process. 4.1 Key Strategic Issues Face Nokia Nokia should concentrate more on the electrical market during the financial crisis era because the financial tumult has absolutely predisposed the global economy. A report of Nokia which exposes a lower mobile device industry outlook for fourth quarter of 2008 than the previous estimate of roughly 330 million units. Nokia acknowledges a tough time for telecommunication industry in 2009 symbolized by an anticipation of mobile device volumes turn down 5% or more from 2008 levels which exposed the immense concern of recession (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). In short, the mobile device market has declined. From the market prediction it will constantly decrease. Such state of affairs is caused by consumers pull-back in spending, legal tender unpredictability, and decreased ease of use of credit from the slowdown of global economy. Especially, Nokia believes the incremental collision affects the emerging markets more other developed markets (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). Technology is the soul of telecommunication industry which is the reason why the RD investment of Nokia in the year passed is EUR 5.6 billion (Company information, 2008). Smart phones, 3G mobile phones and environment friendly mobile phones are the substantiation of technology progressing in telecommunication industry. Nokia Research Center make-believe many new technology reflected by the forthcoming innovations as well as indoor positioning, location sensing, mobile journalism and so on (Upcoming innovations, 2008). The most important brand, scale and number one market position is the most noteworthy strengths of Nokia (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). As the most well-known brand of mobile device supplier in the world, Nokia is the representation of quality. Consumers are comfortable with its devices and services. Nokias highly variable, low fixed business model gives it the opportunity to scale to a declining market (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). The mobile communications industry is changing quickly, for instance, network plays a more and more significant part and the market articulations have been introduced and are still being familiarized (Annual report, 2007). Nokias sales and profitability are considerably exaggerated by the growth and success of the innovative market division, which needs a distant outlook and sympathy of the market. Nokia lost the market share of 3G mobile phones once owing to the neglect of the significance of network. On the contrary, Apple experiential the tendency and brought out iphone. Competition is extreme in mobile communications industry. To shun the collapse the company should progress its market standing, or become accustomed to the changes in the spirited scenery which is very imperative for Nokias strategic marketing design. Though Nokia has already been the top one in the mobile communications industry. The existing the pressure is from other telecommunication providers such as Samsung, Motorola. Moreover, as the rising importance of network in mobile communications industry, the entrance of network companies becomes an enormous anxiety. 5.0 Strategic Options 5.1 The Grand Strategy of Nokia Considering the SWOT analysis of Nokia, the grand strategy Nokia should accept is growth strategies. And among which, exhaustive growth strategy is deserve to be paid immense consideration in order to reinforce the competitive position of accessible products or services of Nokia such as devices, PCs and the amalgamation with the Internet (Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). 5.1.1 Competitive generic strategies In particulars, the competitive strategies lead the success in the marketing. The key attitude for a competitive strategy is how to build advantages in market competition. Cost leadership〠differentiation and focus are three competitive generic strategies (Porter, 1980, 1985). Three of them let companies to gain the profits over the average level of industry and form steady competitive recompense. 5.1.2 Cost leadership Strategy Nokia claims a cost reducing on its capital markets day at the end of this year. Nokia CFO, Rick Simonson emphasized that Nokia is practicing a cost reduction which is effective now and is continuing to keep the strategy for 2009 and 2010 ((Nokia Capital Markets Day, 2008). Nokia is always using a highly variable, low fixed cost business model. The balance sheet of 2007 gives us a clearer view of this. The fixed assets and other non-current assets are 8305 EURm, but the current assets are 29294 EURm (Annual report, 2007). Mobile phones are identical products if you do not call for multifunction except sending massages or making calls. Thus, the cost leadership strategy is possible to follow and the switching cost for customers of mobile telecommunication industry is very low, almost zero. So its rather easy for a customer to purchase another brand of mobile phone only for a lower price. One of the risk of adopting a cost leadership strategy maybe the simulation of competitors which guide to a price campaign and lower the gainful aptitude for the whole market. And the change of technology can dissolve the low cost benefit. 5.1.3 Differentiation Strategy Differentiation strategy means providing diverse products or services from competitors to attain competitive advantages focused on enormous market. Modern telecoms market is changing quickly, grows up rapidly, and compete fiercer than most other markets. So it is quite vital to keep competitive by maintaining up to date and spotlight on modernization. The marketplace is shifting all the time and the conventional mobile device industry is implicated with internet services, therefore, the products and services Nokia offers should be totally change (People management, 2008). Seeing this trend, Nokia amalgamated with Nokia Siemens Networks. 5.1.4 Focus Strategy Focus strategy is using the cost leadership or differentiation focus on certain customer group, regional market and product segment market. It often applies to medium and small enterprises which are not able to achieve cost leader and differentiation in the whole industry (Lynch, 2003). As for a leading company of mobile telecommunication industry, the focus strategy is not appropriate for Nokia. 5.1.5 Optimal Strategy According to the analysis above, Nokia should acclimatize a mixture of cost leadership strategy and differentiation strategy. Nokia has burly assets which craft the strategy is likely to carry out, and in the year passed total tangible assets are 33857 EURm (Calculated based on Annual accounts, 2007) comparing to 21777 EURm in 2006. Wherein, Property, plant and equipment amounts to 1912 EURm, Inventories is 2876 EURm, and accounts receivable is high to 11200 EURm (Annual account, 2007) Sometimes, an stress on cost leadership can perform as a shape of differentiation when the cost leadership strategy focused on providing value-oriented customers with products that are certainly value-for-money, relation to its competitors. And its guarantee is to help people sense close to what is imperative to them. Focusing on customers rather than the competitors is vital when deciding differentiation strategy. Several customers apprehension the design, quality or customer services of a company. Consumers needs are constantly what Nokia anxious the most. Continuous of innovation is critical in a company adopted differentiation strategy. Nokia put its priorities for 2010 in increasing Services Software and mobilizing customer email and consumer instant messaging for millions of Nokia product purchasers. 6.0 External environment and organizational audit 6.1 PESTEL (located in Finland) 6.1.1 Political and legal Finland has the steady economics and policies. Finland is exceedingly open to investment and free trade. Finland has peak levels of economics sovereignty in many areas, although there is a profound tax load and nonflexible job market. Finland has topped the patents per capita statistics, and overall efficiency growth has been brawny in areas such as electronics. The legal system is obvious and business bureaucracy less than most countries. Poverty rights are able-bodied confined and contractual agreements are severely honored (CIA World Fact book, 2007). From that, it is straightforward to see that Nokia can befall reputation because of the steady policies and economics of Finland, where head office of Nokia is situated. Moreover, Finland constantly tries to expand job market regulation. Finland increased job market regulation in the 1970s to offer steadiness to manufacturers. 6.1.2 Economic The global financial disaster exaggerated most companies all over the world. Constant economic downturn has unfavorable effects for Nokias business. Moreover, exchange rate fluctuations interrupt the repatriation of profits earned abroad. A change in incomes is definitely associated to Nokias sales. Nokias profits are contingent on the costs of their inputs, profits will likely decrease if the input increase. 6.1.3 Socio-cultural According to document searched, labor force had 2.68 million people in 2007. In labor force by profession, industry has 17.5% labor, finance, insurance, and businesses devices are 12%, and public services are 30.2% (CIA World Fact book, 2007). This statistic proves that income of end is higher than Europeans income. In addition, finish has elevated living situation. According documents, in 2006, there were 2,381,500 household of average size 2.1 persons; and approximately 92 percent has mobile phone (CIA World Fact book, 2007). Therefore, it is easy to see that this is immense market for mobile manufacturers as Nokia. 6.1.4 Technological Finland is extremely incorporated in the global economy, and global trade is a third of GPD. In a 2004 OECD assessment, high technology built-up in Finland ranked second biggest after Ireland (CIA World Fact book, 2007). Nokia realize that technology is really essential for their expansion so that they have slogan: 6.1.5 Environment Firstly, substance management means that they try to work closely and create the friendly environmental with their suppliers. Second issue is energy effectiveness, to make sure devices use as little energy as possible. Finally, it is to get back and recycling. They want to boost customer responsiveness of recycling, recommend better recycling in all markets and encourage the recycling of used devices through precise initiatives and campaigns (Nokia, 2008). 7.0 Nokia Value Chain An evaluation of Nokia value chain is displayed in Fig 7 based on work by Porter (2004: p.38), who describes it as: The linkages show how distinct key and supporting actions interrelate to generate value within the industry. 8.0 Section 3 Core Competence Core ability of Nokia is scheming and executing extensive term expansion programs employing core competence of interacting in-house and outside capability in conditions of Nokias name of the most victorious (Marshalls plan) and consistent global growth leader. This mixture of assets represents Nokia core competence since it could not be simply copied or imitated while meeting two theoretical situation of a resource-based potential formulated by Teece at al. (1997). Competitors cannot build up similar combination competences and capabilities promptly (Dierickx and Cool, 1986). â€Å"Nokias core competencies approach in three main fields mobile handsets, network technology and middleware. When deciding on the development and manufacturing of innovative products, speed is the serious factor in this quickly changing technological environment. For example, when deciding whether to work together on a product or software development, we will mull over if we are able to create the product alone fast enough and do we have the competencies to create it within a short time frame. If it is a core product, that is mobile telephony, Nokia will manufacture it internally because it is much well-organized and the finish product will also be of enhanced quality. But on the other hand if the new product is not within our capability and core product range, our next step will be to decide on the form of association or outsourcing with a company that can create it quick adequate. And if a new technology emerged and is not shaped by Nokia, Nokia will work together and subcont ract for the technology† (A manager at Nokia Group). 8.1.0 Example 1 In 2000 Nokia initiated SyncML a usual for universal of synchronising far-flung data and personal information crossways multiple networks, platforms and devices, while a range of companies sponsored for the standard. These companies comprise Ericsson, IBM, Lotus, Matsushita, Motorola, Operwave, Starfish Software, and Symbian whilst the technology is supported by frequent most important wireless companies. Outsourcing to external vendors however not a well-liked choice within Nokia and prior to 2002 is, this activity contributed only about 15 to 20 percent. 8.1.1 Example 2 Nokias two key core competences are GSM handsets assembling and the mainly wide-ranging distribution network building up. Early before 1998 in India, Nokia had mastered on designing GSM handsets. It had been the top one worldwide on making the paramount excellence and the most creative GSM handsets. Besides, it rolled out the distribution network by partnering with HCL ([emailprotected], 2007). The network now is the most extensive in Indian market and it at least involves over 90000 retailers to market Nokias handset over India, compared to Samsung, which is the third top handset seller in India and only has the distribution network that associate 35000 retailers (Rao, 2007). With these two core competence; Nokia had succeeded in creating a brawny charisma from zero ground between its rivals since 1997 (Datta, 2004). By looking within Nokias core competence, we see that Nokias in-house organization operation is too successful feature for supplementary it to govern handset market. It constantly at once adjusts itself to adjust any environment changes. In operating in early time in 1990s, being short of local a talent that was common. For avoiding lack of local talents, Nokia established an art studio and add program into Indian university to train locals and attract them work in Nokia (Pahwa, 2007). Further, for its auxiliary more intensely understand the Indian culture mechanism, it reduce the number of Finnish expatriate and boost the amount of hiring Indian as local managers. In addition, it also accomplishments to alter its shortage. For atoning for the short of technology that making CDMA handsets, it in 2004 established RD center for developing CDMA technology (Staff Writer, CNET News, 2004). Although it regained market share of CDMA in India from Samsung (Grinsven, 2003), the circumstances becomes worse in 2008. So far, they have held very little number of CDMA handset models. As a result, they lose the chance that work with Sprint and Verizon and thus they indirectly lose U.S. market (Gardiner, 2008). Their newest handset models- n96, n95, n85, n79, Nokia E series handsets, and typically Nokia 4 digit number of model dont support CDMA (http://www.Nokia.co.in/products). 9.0 Appendix 1 Strategic Evaluation Tools, Techniques Artifacts and applicability to Ladbrokes LBO business stream Positioning School BCG portfolio matrix (Henderson, 1979) Experience curve (Henderson, 1979) Game theory tools (Von neumannn and Morgenstern, 1944) PIMS (Buzzell et al., 1975) Porters 5 forces (Porter, 1980) Porters generic strategy model (GSM) (Porter, 1985) Strategic groups (McGee and Thomas, 1986) Value chain (Porter, 1985) 5 Forces: external environment exerts pressure over betting and gaming industry especially legislation and pure economies of scale. This is not a high velocity environment due to relatively slow moving changes in numbers of overall LBOs in the UK. Changes to legislation which govern the industry are also slow moving. It is a low knowledge intensive environment where key skills are concentrated in risk management and trading departments concentrated in Head office. Value Chain: value is created through use of financial resources and technological assets to add value to management of risk, store level efficiencies and customers experience in-store. Game Theory: The relaxation of the ‘demand test in the Gambling Act 2005 has allowed the key operators to play a strategic defensive/offensive ‘game with shop locations, thereby making it harder for smaller operators to compete in popular locations Strategic Groups there is some evidence to support the grouping of the three key operators in the UK betting industry: Ladbrokes, William Hill and Coral in a Strategic group as described by McGee and Thomas, 1986, given that strategic decisions Ladbrokes make, cannot be easily replicated by firms outside this ‘key operator group due to the nature of the regulatory environment and essential economies of scale required in the industry. Barriers to entry or ‘mobility barriers as described by Henderson and Thomas, are high. While in other industries, this could be considered an ‘oligopoly, it is not the case in the betting industry because the betting firms are primarily price takers, not price setters, therefore cannot control prices. Experience Curve: This does not primarily apply to the Betting industry because supply prices are fixed and are the same for all firms, resulting in no gain through a superior ‘experience curve. Other costs, however, could be less in firms with more experience, but some of these are costs levied by industry legislation and do not reduce over time due to the experience curve of individual firms. PIMS: Profit Impact on Market Share as described by Buzzell et al, provide some explanations for profit increases as a result of scale. The comparison of profitability between the three key operators demonstrates that market share will not deliver profitability in the betting industry unless they manage their financial resources and capital structures in an efficient manner. Note the similarities in operating margins based on similar gross margins, market share and market capitalization. Costs, including interest payments are potentially profit sapping in this industry, especially as products are homogeneous and supply price is fixed. Capability-building School Porters Value Chain See above Core competences (Prahalad and Hamel, 1990) Dynamic capabilities (Teece et al, 1997) Knowledge management (Nonaka and Takeuchi, 1995) RBV: Valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (Barney, 1991) Value chain (Porter, 1985) Sample of textbook schemata: Resources, capabilities and rents (Grant, 2002:153) Resources, competence strategic capability (Johnson and Scholes, 2002: 146) The contextual Not particularly relevant to the LBO operations due to low levels of environmental velocity and low Knowledge intensity (source for argument in main doc). RBV the analysis of Ladbrokes LBO operations suggests that advantage is primarily gained through greater financial resources. This is not a resource which meets the VRIO test as it is a fundamental economic and static resource and (arguably) easy to acquire. In terms of rent extraction this is down to leveraging scale to achieve higher value of margins through increase volume properly risk managed. Additionally, Ladbrokes display capabilities designed for sustainability, defensibility and ultimately market dominance. Core competences in general, there is little innovation required in the LBO business due to the homogeneous nature of the products and the economic structure of the pricing. Being a low knowledge intensity business, the tacit and intangible knowledge inherent in the definition of core competences further supports the lack of applicability of this concept in the LBO business. VRIO/Dynamic capabilities again, the contextual environment of low KI low EV reduces the need for Ladbrokes and other betting companies to be truly learning organisations or organisations creating dynamic capabilities which meet the VRIO characteristics and definitions. It could be argued that Ladbrokes do not create competences as defined by Prahalad and Hamel but possess a number of capabilities designed for margin protect and greater financial resources. High Velocity School Cycle-time reduction (Stalk, 1988) 7S Disruption: speed, surprise, shifting the rules, simultaneous and sequential thrust, signaling, strategic soothsaying, and stakeholder satisfaction (DAveni, 1994) Market disruption analysis (Bower and Christensen, 1995; Rigby, 2003) Patching flexible modular organizational design for rapid entry and exit of markets (Eisenhardt and Brown, 1999) Real options to negotiate favourable environments (McGrath, 1997)d Simple rules to facilitate speed and flexibility (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2001)e Time-pacing (Eisenhardt and Brown, 1998; Stalk, 1988) Delta model (Hax and Wilde, 1999) Ladbrokes operate in a low velocity environment with regards to LBO operations and these concepts are less appropriate for that contextual environment. Applicability would be more relevant in the ‘remote business operations: Internet Sportsbook and Exchange (see figure Core betting industry) however, there would still be imposed constraints on the velocity due to industry regulations. Complex ecosystem school Co-evolution (Eisenhardt and Galunic, 2000) Knowledge management tools Managing the system architecture (modular design, reward systems, team processes, strategic language) to ensure diversity and increase within-firm and extra-firm interactions (Eisenhardt and Galunic, 2000; Moore, 1993; Nahapiet, 2001; Pascale, 1999 and Stacey, 1995) Porters diamond (1990) explains ecosystem competitive advantage as complex interactions between co-evolutionary pockets (McKelvey, 1999 and Thomas, 1996) Real options and multiple scenarios to capture emergent learning in complex conditions (Bowman and Hurry, 1993, Copeland and Keenan, 1998, Luehrman, 1998 and Miller and Waller, 2003) Simple rules to condition system interactions (Eisenhardt and Sull, 2001, Macintosh and Maclean, 1999 and Sanchez, 1997) Supply chain integration and simplification (Levy, 1994, Harvard Management Update, 1999 Harvard Management Update (1999) And now: Complexity theory. Harvard Management Update, 4(3), 8-9.Harvard Management Update, 1999; Whiting, 2001) Labrokes does not primarily operate within a high knowledge intensive environment. While there is clearly are need for knowledge to flow from the wider bet-taking channels to Head Office to ensure adequate risk management, most of this information is done via the use of technology. It could be argued therefore that Ladbrokes core knowledge is concentrated in the central trading functions. In this context therefore, complex ecosystem theories are a less relevant strategic influence for the Ladbrokes LBO business. 9.1 Appendix 2 Competitors Analysis Ø LG LG is a Korea based company which provides ranges of mobile phone for customers to choose. Since its establishment, LG has evolved a lot according to the trend of mobile phone in Hong Kong. However, instead of putting all emphasis on 2-G GSM mobile phone, LG has put more focus on the 3-G mobile phone market and worked closely with the Hutchison Group, The 3 Hong Kong service provider, to provide high quality 3G mobile to customers. LG has used different means of marketing strategies including print advertisements, TV advertisements and celebrities to promote the products. Ø Motorola Motorola introduced the first mobile phone in Hong Kong in the 1980s Motorola emphasizes on the transformation of device formerly known as the cell phone into a universal remote control for life by adding more functions and innovations in the mobile phone. Motorola won the Asian Innovations Award by the technology of the product A668 with a â€Å"finger writing board† on the mobile phone, also, with the integration of the technology of iTunes ® by cooperation with Marc ®, Motorola launched the product ROKR E1. Motorola aims to be the leader in multi-mode, multi-band communications products and technologies. Ø Samsung Samsung provide a wide range of products for customers to choose from, including the 3G mobile phone, the MegaPixel Camera Phone, the Camera Phone and the Color Display Phone. No matter from the prime mobile phone of the latest 3 G mobile phone, Samsung provides choices for customers to deliver the desirable benefits and solutions for different customers. Ø Sony Ericsson Sony Ericsson has the mission to be the most attractive and innovative brand of mobile phone in the world. To achieve this goal Sony Ericsson integrated design into every step of the process intelligent features, user-friendly applications, innovative materials and attractive visual appearance. Design is the essential differentiator when comparing mobile communications products. The attractive good looking appearance and the sophisticated integration of technology has contributed to the success of Sony Ericsson, some products like W800i and W55

Conductivity :: essays research papers

Super conductivity is a natural phenomenon in which certain materials such as metals, alloys, and ceramics, can conduct electricity without resistance. These materials are what we call superconductors. In a superconductor, once the flow of electrons begins, it essentially goes on forever, making it an important material to humans. Superconductivity was discovered by a Dutch scientist by the name of Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911. While researching properties of materials at absolute zero, this man found out that certain materials lost its resistance to the flow of electrons. For years to come, his discovery was at the head of theoretical interest. The only problem though, was that people at that time could not even think of a way to produce such a temperature, to allow materials to be superconductors at all times. This all changed in 1986 when Karl Muller and George Bednorz were working at the IBM Research Division in Zurich, Switzerland. They found a material that reached supercond uctivity at around 35 degrees Kelvin or –238 degrees Celsius. In the next year, a team of Chinese-American physicists declared that they had found a material that reached superconductivity at 92 degrees Kelvin. This was a big improvement. 92 degrees Kelvin is not a very high temperature, in fact, it is the equivalent of –181 degrees Celsius. Locating superconducting material above 77 degree Kelvin is a good thing because it means that the material will be easily produced and used. A theoretical understanding of superconductivity was advanced in 1957 by American physicists John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Schrieffer. Their Theories of Superconductivity became know as the BCS theory (which came from each mans last name) and won them a Nobel prize in 1972. The BCS theory explained superconductivity at temperatures close to absolute zero. However, at higher temperatures and with different superconductor systems, the BCS theory has consequently became insufficient to ful ly explain electron behavior. The Type 1 category of superconductors is basically made up of pure metals that normally show conductivity at room temperature. They require really cold temperatures to slow down molecular vibrations enough to facilitate unrestrained electron flow in agreement to the BCS theory. BCS theory suggests that electrons team up in cooper pairs in order to help each other overcome molecular obstacles. Type 1 superconductors were discovered first and require the coldest temperatures to become superconductive. They are characterized by a very sharp transition to a superconducting state.

Religious Fanaticism Essay -- essays research papers

In Moliere’s comedy Tartuffe, The play centers on the family of Orgon, a wealthy and impressionable man, his central target of ridicule is Orgon. Orgon is Moliere’s character of how man can be so blind in his devotion to a belief that he cannot make a good judgement as to the sincerity of others who would use that belief to deceive him. This play fits into the concept of comedy because all of the elements of comedy are present. It happens that the title character is the villain rather than the hero and some of the elements have been tampered with. In Tartuffe, we have the classic comic scenario of two lovers, Valere and Marianne, trying to get together but being thwarted. However, instead of the villain, Tartuffe is not the one who is antagonizing them, it is Orgon who gets in the way. Orgon tries to flatter Tartuffe by offering Marianne to be his wife. Before it is all over, Orgon ends up giving the deed to all his land to the deceitful Tartuffe. The other comic elements such as the unmasking of the villain and the happy ending are also present in Tartuffe. It is in the duality of Orgon, who is a believing and devoted subject, and Tartuffe, the manipulating hypocrite. Moliere takes his shot at the extremes of enthusiastic belief. Tartuffe plays the role of a man whose greedy actions are cloaked by a mask of overwhelming piety, modesty and religious passion. Orgon is the head of a household who has taken Tartuffe in, and given him shelter and food. Everyone in the family, ex...

Contemporary Rural America Captured in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of

Contemporary Rural America Captured in Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow Most Americans probably believe our times are different from Washington Irving’s era. After all, almost 200 years have passed, and the differences in technology and civil liberties alone are huge. However, these dissimilarities seem merely surface ones. When reading â€Å"Rip Van Winkle† and â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,† I find that the world Irving creates in each story is very familiar to the one in which I grew up. The players may have changed, and institutions have mostly replaced roles traditionally taken on by people, but the overall pieces still fit the rural lifestyle of contemporary America. Perhaps the biggest variation from life in these stories and life today in the small town concerns the role of the Van Tassels. As the prominent family in Sleepy Hollow, they serve as the social center. Baltus Van Tassel has more the air of an English country squire during harvest time than he does an American farmer. He is hearty, down to earth, and full of largesse (â€Å"Sleepy Hollow† 549, 556-557). The â€Å"’quilting frolic’† (553) is really a potluck dance. This type of community gathering continued throughout American history in rural areas. We have barn-raisings, fall festivals, holiday celebrations. However, the nature of the gatherings has changed in that the role of the prominent family now goes to the city or civic groups (such as a church). Rural America still has wealthy families and farmers, but rarely do they open their homes to the community for dancing and potlucks. The closest we still see of this is the ranch barbeque , but the outside nature makes it far less intimate. In my experience, these events are... ...ture of King George in â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† Rip returns to his village twenty years after he left and realizes that someone has transformed the King into George Washington (541). Irving, realizing that much of life is merely a refashioning of the same ideas and structures into something that looks new, has taken an old German folk tale and turned it into a story of American life. We may live in a time with vastly different resources, technologies, and opportunities, but the urges that drive us are still the same. Works Cited Irving, Washington. â€Å"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.† The American Tradition in Literature. Vol 1. Eds. George Perkins, et al. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990: 544-563. 2 vols. ---. â€Å"Rip Van Winkle.† The American Tradition in Literature. Vol 1. Eds. George Perkins, et al. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990: 533-544. 2 vols.

Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

People of the world have always faced both types of disasters, natural as well as man-made. Man-made disasters were not prevalent in ancient times. Man-made disasters are the results of industrial and material progress. Natural and man-made disasters equally play havoc on human in modern times. Sometimes, a man-made disaster has bigger impact than natural disaster. The cause of natural disaster is natural with man-made disaster is caused by man himself. Man-made disasters include leakage of oil in the sea, nuclear explosion, leakage of poisonous gases and chemical, fire, floods created by dams etc. Man-made disasters are avoidable. They may be averted if man works efficiently and carefully. On the other hand we have no control over a natural disaster. They include earthquake, tsunami, flood, typhoon, hurricane, tempest, avalanches, land slide etc. Man cannot avert them. However, it should be noted that some natural disaster are indirectly the result of man’s activities. For example draught may be the cause of cutting of forests. Thus, the number of man-made disasters is greater than natural disaster. Natural disasters like tsunami and earth quake plays havoc on life and property. Sometimes, millions of lives are lost in these disasters. Certainly, there are some measures to minimize the impact of natural disaster. But they cannot be averted altogether. A natural activity is not termed as a natural disaster until it has impact on human. For example, a volcano eruption at an uninhibited place is not a natural disaster. It is a natural event surely. Natural disasters are aggravated in the condition of unpreparedness on the part of man. A natural disaster has a bigger impact when man is not prepared for it. For example, earthquake cannot be predicted beforehand. It may engulf a large number of people at night while they are sleeping in their homes. A hurricane or a tornado gives opportunity for preparation to face it. Man-made disasters are caused by human activities. They may be in smaller magnitude such as a forest fire which has less impact and may be colossal such as the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan. Man-made disasters are brought unknowingly as well as knowingly. Accidents happen due to negligence on the part of man. The Bhopal Gas tragedy is a result of an accident which played a havoc on the local residence. In the modern world, terrorism is considered as a cause of man-made disaster. The 9/11 attack of terrorism on WTO is a kind of man-made disaster which took the lives of thousands of people. This was a crime of man against man. Terrorism has taken the lives of millions of people all over the world. So, crime may also be considered as a man-made disaster. Wars are another kind of natural disaster. Millions of people have been killed in the wars during the last one hundred years. These wars were not accidents. They were fought intentionally to kill people. They are the shame on people who caused them.

Religion and Individualism Essay

Different countries pitch antithetic cultures, traditions and set. They represent the image of the nation, the great unwasheds manpowertality, how they gauge and be confirm, and what they strive for and t every(prenominal)y for. With the help of them we forecast of what is any in solely classical(predicate) in life of a individual, of a nation, of a coun filtrate. the distinguishs is non an exception. De malevolency the great number of various ethnic groups that harp United rural aras, on that point argon matters that conflate all the masses. Among them argon such(prenominal) determine like liberty and independence that unaccompanied char minuteerize America. The Ameri stinkpot founding fathers mat that this concept was of ut intimately enormousness when they were decision making what the United demesnes Of America would be and how it would function. In the second paragraph of the Declaration of independency its written We hold these honors to be sel f-evident, that all manpower atomic number 18 created equal, that they argon endowed by their Creator with authentic unalienable rights, that among these atomic number 18 life, liberty and the hobby of happiness.This is what sets the U.S. apart from all other countries in the worldly concern. Other values be beauty, nature, patriotism, optimism, and equality. entirely of them atomic number 18 described by different Ameri keister writers, painters, politicians and philosophers. Probably the most important ingredient of Ameri back tooths ideology is their t whizz in the drop come outdom of the individual(a) visited individualism. Americas highest ideal and greatest blessing is freedom and individually individual limits to what purpose should it be employed. Ein truth unmatched should set his own goals for himself. Ameri apprises argon considered to be rather un landed estately nation. A bulk of Americans report that pietism plays a real important role in their li ves. We can operate how various writers, politics and painters gibber ab come out of the closet religious belief and express it in their works. In this paper such values as religion and individualism provide be analyzed, through the words of Emily Dickinson, Abraham capital of Nebraska, henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson.Emily Dickinson, an American poet, was brought up in a prominent family, which raised Dickinson to be a cultured Christian wo humankind who would unrivalled day be responsible for a family of her own. Her father attempted to protect her from indicant books that might joggle her mind, particularly her unearthly assurance. She dressed merely in white. In religion white color is the image of innocence, purity, holiness, and chastity. She used contemporary popular perform hymns, transforming their standard rhythms into free-form hymnmeters. Her poetry contains to the highest degree all the range of biblical and religious designations. Emily Dickin sons poem Faith is a Fine Invention, can be understand spiritually. Dickinson says, Faith is a fine invention- When Gentlemen can see In context, Faith is belief that does non rest on formal proof or bear witness. In other words, trustfulness is belief without seeing. In Dickinsons poem, she suggests that domain completely possess cartel when the object is seen.In essence, faith is non hold upent. Dickinson outrides in the subsequent lines look, tho Microscopes are prudent- In an Emergency. This suggests the characteristic of some mass who obviously can non accept something without witnessing an in-depth account. For example, Microscopes could be a internal representation of modern day scientists and interpreters who research and produce explanations to disc everywhere the truth behind what is trustd. Continuing, Dickinson suggests these Microscopes are prudent scarce when things go bad. As with most people today, good appreciation is generally a last holiday res ort in the midst of adversity. Genuine faith is the only route out of trouble. Nevertheless, humankind is busy trying to offer explanations and supposition rather accepting belief without luculent evidence. In her poem This World Is non Conclusion we see that she didnt ring this world is the end. A Species stands beyond this meaning that life exists somewhere beyond our world. She was saying that goal is non the end of this world. thither is some other life aft(prenominal) death be drift graven image says so. This speaks also of the resurrection.She was saying after we die there is another multiplication that comes after us, so real this world never ends it nurses on going and going. Its undecomposed like Plato was saying that all the souls transmigrate and only those souls, who reached the catharsis kick the bucket the earth and stay in the acres of heaven. the great unwashed try to puzzle out what is this, and the Faith slips and laughs, and rallies Blushes, if any see Plucks at a twig of Evidence. Again, you moldiness(prenominal) merely believe in perfection, in a world beyond, and not try to find evidences for it. there are things fifty-fifty the wise cant inform Philosophy dont do it. Abraham Lincoln, one-sixteenth president of the United States, has become a mythic figure in Americas civilian religion. He was know for honest, sympathy, and kindness to the victims of the urbane War on two sides. He was private well-nigh his beliefs and respected the beliefs of others. Though Lincoln didnt belong to any church, he is believed to be Christian.Lincoln study the Bible passimhis life and quoted from it widely. Lincoln was clear in his belief that Christians of the North and southbound were supplicateing to the identical(p) idol. Lincoln was self-taught in the ways of twain perfection and humanity. His speeches and conversations always had references on Christianity, there is an unusual depth of the Christian perception. nowhere was that depth visible than in his sanction Inaugural Address Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same divinity fudge and each invokes His aid against the other. It whitethorn reckon hostile that any men should boldness to ask a just theologys assistance in wringing their scratch from the sweat of other mens faces only let us judge not that we be not judged. The prayers of two could not be answered that of neither has been answered amply. The nobleman has His own purposes. He insisted that there were no unbridgeable differences. Both were god fearing people and worked hard.He went on to describe the strange fact that both sides pray to the same God for a successful fortitude and improvement of each of their ideals. Both could not win. It was providence that volitioned that slavery should be abolished and in his speech, which was almost like a prayer, he hoped to calm both. Lincoln suggested that the cause of the struggle was the North and the Souths lea fy vegetable sin of slavery. He continued, Fondly do we hope fervently do we pray that this mighty scourge of war may speedily pass away. Yet, if God wills that it continue, until all the wealth piled by the bond-mans 250 old age of unrequited toil shall be sink and until every drop of blood drawn with the lash, shall be paid by another drawn with the sword, so as was verbalise three thousand years ago, so still it must be state the judgments of the Lord are true and right altogether. He uses religious imagery to betroth the belief that God is against slavery. Lincoln lay the outcome of the war into the hands of God to whom all seemed to be praying, saying that some(prenominal) Gods desire on these issues would be, that would decide the fate.He said that if it is Gods will that the war should continue until all funds be expended or until there is a calmnessful conclusion, whichever the case, God would decide. He concludes with more than religious imagery, specifying the forebode right that the Union should attain a victory, and that the goal is to achieve and care some a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations, based on resolving power in the right as God gives us to see the right. Ralph Waldo Emerson was an American lecturer, litterateur and poet. He was seen as a endorse of individualism.Emerson was drastic in his conviction that an individual should obey himself and himself alone. The concept of individualism is fully described in the examine Self- trust. Emerson uses the essay as a vehicle for stressing the importance of the individuals intellectual and virtuous development, and for making a defensive parameter stand outing individualism itself.His idea is that a man can trust no one but himself he should not obey the hostel, but weigh and act as he livelinesss is right. A man should learn to detect and watch that glimmer of light which flashes across his mind from within, more than the lustre of the firmament o f bards and sages. Emerson says that man should way on his inner self for counseling rather than relying on external. Trust thyself every heart vibrates to that iron string. Accept the stick the divine Providence has found for you. Reliance on and acceptance of the self are the keys to achieving uniqueness by way of swear ones own thoughts. blast trust in a persons own intuition should exist without influence from outside forces of tradition, religion or government. Emerson dialog about the beau monde as about an obstacle on the way of free thoughts. These are the voices which we hear in solitude, but they grow faint and unsounded as we enter into the world The fair play in most request is conformity. self-reliance is its aversion. It loves not realities and creators, but name calling and customs.The society doesnt love truth and art, but meaningless words and conventions. And Emerson says I ought to go upright and vital, and speak the rude truth in all ways, so he doesnt demand to follow the society and hide the truth. What is natural, what a man feels, what he believes to be true, right and paramount these are important No law can be sacred to me but that of my nature. better and bad are but names very readily transferable to that or this the only right is what is after my constitution, the only wrong what is against it. If he is the only one who thinks differently from the society, that doesnt mean he is wrong. All people are individuals and they are ruled by different values, opinions, honourable codes and beliefs. If a person votes for a nominee just because everybody does, Emerson cant really understand what this person presents of himself under this veil My life is for itself and not for a spectacle. I lots prefer that it should be of a lower strain, so it be veritable and equal, than that it should be glittering and unsteady. Later he says Do your work, and you shall reinforce yourself.Do what you want to do, what youfeel you should do, but not what absolute majority dictates you. Otherwise youre not brio a life youre just a puppet in the hands of the society, a part of indifferent mass. People are algophobic to be misunderstood. therefore it would be better and easier to agree with the others and accept social standards than to try to go against them and to flip-flop something. When we allow ourselves to be dictated to by another, sooner or later those people realize they chip in us masked around their finger, and serious problems could arise. Emerson tries to assure them thats not so bad umpteen famous figures were misunderstood. Your conformity explains nothing. Act singly, and what you have already done singly will justify you now. Also when you accept the thing you dont believe in, you oppose yourself, which is the worst treachery you can do, fit to Emerson. Emerson also says that everything comes from the main source.The universe is right, if we free ourselves, make our souls clear, well understand the universe. The inquiry leads us to that source, at once the essence of genius, of virtue, and of life, which we call Spontaneity or Instinct. We denote this immemorial wisdom as Intuition, whilst all later teachings are tuitions. Intuition is the basic wisdom, the hush-hush senses, when you say you just know it, and you feel it. Emerson always thought that feelings are the dress hat proofs and arguments for everything. Repeatedly throughout Self-Reliance Emerson returns to these ideas and themes to support his point that fortune and peace is getatable only through reliance on and trust in ones self. People should believe in themselves, patronage what others may say or think, not be afraid of opinion differently, not lose their identity. Henry David Thoreau was an American author, poet, critic, and philosopher. He is best known for his essay Civil Disobedience, an argument for individual defyance to civil government in lesson antonym to an unjust state. ane of the most im portant themes in the work of Thoreau is the idea of individualism.Thoreau rejects the entrance that a person must pass or isolate his values out of loyalty to her government. Thoreau expresses his anti-conformity and individualism in involvement of a political and ethical cause in spite of opinion of the majority. kitty there not be a government in which majorities do not virtually decide right and wrong, but conscience?- in which majorities decide only those questions to which the rule of expediency is applicable? must(prenominal) the citizen ever for a moment, or in theleast degree, resign his conscience to the economy? Why has every man a conscience, then? I think that we should be men early, and subjects afterward. It is not desirable to mould a respect for the law, so much as for the right. The only obligation which I have a right to occupy is to do at any time what I think right. This means that archetypical of all a person must be faithful to his opinions and view s and do what he thinks and feels is right, he can and must resist with the government if he thinks its beyond his standards of truth. His idea is that everybody is a man first and a subject afterwards.Everybody has his own feelings upon this or that questions, people are different and they have different beliefs and points of views. Nobody and nothing can make one change his thoughts. Thoreau distinguishes 3 types of people The mass of men service of process the state thus, not as men mainly, but as machines, with their bodies. They are the rest army, and the militia, jailers, constables, posse comitatus, etc. In most cases there is no free operate whatever of the judgment or of the moral sense but they put themselves on a level with wood and earth and stones and wooden men can peradventure be manufactured that will practise the purpose as well. Such want no more respect than men of straw or a hump of dirt. They have the same sort of worth(predicate) only as horses and dog s.Yet such as these counterbalance are ordinarily esteemed good citizens. Here he talks about people who post just the way they are told, they steady dont ponder over their attitude to the things they are doing. Thoreau compares them with animals, that have no the ability of thinking, they just do what they are made to do. Others- as most legislators, politicians, lawyers, ministers, and speckle-holders- arrange up the state chiefly with their heads and, as they seldom make any moral distinctions, they are as likely to serve the devil, without intending it, as God. These people have the ability of thinking, they know what is right and what is wrong, but in spite of it they still do things that are remunerative for them. They live for themselves and try to gain as much as possible. A very few- as heroes, patriots, martyrs, reformers in the great sense, and men- serve the state with their consciences also, and so necessarily resist it for the most part and they are unremarkab ly treated as enemies by it.A wise man will only be useful as a man, and will not submit to be clay, and stop a hole to keep the wind away, but leave that office to his dust at least. These are the individuals who are valued for being aman, for not just having the ability of thinking, but thinking differently. They are not afraid to polar the others and to divulge their thoughts. Thats mainly why these people are not genuine by the majority. He writes that governments authority is impure. Thoreau exhorts to true respect for the individual. There will never be a really free and enlightened State until the State comes to recognize the individual as a higher and independent power, from which all its own power and authority are derived, and treats him accordingly. He says that he dreams of a State that respects the individual, a State that would not mind if a few individuals even chose to live independent of it altogether. This kind of State would prepare the way for an even more perf ect and glorious State.Returning to religion we can notice that mostly Americans are religious people. Though the government doesnt dictate any kind of religion to its citizens, people choose to be faithful. from each one of them believes in his own God, and each of them feels the faith in his own way. Emily Dickinson and Abraham Lincoln were both Christians, both of them read Bible, and the works of both sound like a prayer. But what separates them is that Dickinsons main idea was to believe in God without any proofs. One should not try to find evidence for the existence of God, he should just believe. And Lincolns idea was that North and South pray to the same God and that all people are equal in front of God. Also he believed that everything in the world, and the Civil War is not an exception, happens because of God willing.Only the Almighty can decide the fate of people, and the conclusion of the war including. short on to the second value of this work, its necessary to mentio n that individualism is one of the most important and inalienable elements for each American. Emerson and Thoreau were ardent supporters of individualism. They hated the society they are against the majority and against those people who obey. They both think that what a person thinks and feels is right, and not what they are forced to think and believe. Emerson also talks about the human intuition, which is according to him the primary election wisdom you know something is right just because you feel it. Thoreau by-turn talks about 3 types of people, and elevates the people who are able to think differently and to act differently, without being afraid not to be accepted by the society. Thoreau also creates in his dreams a new-made State, where an individual would be respected.